Oh, you’re still here?

Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis looking shocked
Sorry, more mantids, but you can’t watch the life cycle of several local individuals, including hundreds if not thousands of photos (I have not tallied them up yet, but mind you, these are the keepers) and not want to maintain updates.

First off, if you’re going to have an interest in entomology, it seems prudent to check several sources for information, as well as to keep checking sources even when you think you know what’s going on. I’ve been identifying the Chinese mantids under the scientific name of Tenodera aridifolia sinensis for the past couple of years, to suddenly find (just a few days ago) that this is no longer valid; it denoted that the Chinese mantis was a subspecies of Tenodera aridifolia (the Japanese giant mantis,) but it has now been determined that it is not a subspecies, and so the correct name (for the time being) is Tenodera sinensis. Unfortunately I have a lot of posts with the incorrect name listed – it’s actually the most common tag on the blog – and I have no idea how long it’s been since this name change has been in place. I would like to correct them all, but this is probably a few days of work and I’m not sure it’s worth the effort, so I might simply change the tags in some way, because those will update back through the archives. This is not the first time taxonomic changes have caught me unawares. You’d think someone would contact me…

pregnant Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis looking optimisticAnyway, on to the updates. I mentioned several days back that I was watching an obviously pregnant mantis back in our Japanese maple tree, the locale that they had first appeared within, and as of a few days ago this was still the case. And I was, and am, still watching for an egg sac, even though I have not now spotted the individual seen here and above (same mantis, same session, different photo techniques) for the past five days. It’s a shame, because a katydid moved into the tree and would have made a nice mantis meal, and I’m not averse to helping that situation along.

The photo at top is a great example of how our evolved expectations fool us. I can’t even look at it without seeing a look of surprise, and I know better – it’s just what we register as we see certain conditions. In this case it’s a false pupil centered in very wide eyes, which says surprise or shock to us, and this is compounded with the apparently open mouth. It’s all nonsense, of course – while many species might actually be surprised, they have no reasons to communicate this to others (and quite a few not to) and so no such emotions can be read from their ‘expressions.’ This one was not at all shocked, since it had been aware of my presence for several minutes before that image, but it had turned to face me almost immediately before I snapped the photo. With compound eyes the idea of ‘facing’ someone is also semi-inaccurate: most insect species can see in a very broad range around themselves all at once, but some species, like mantids, really do turn towards a subject of interest because they use depth-perception for hunting and defense. So when their head turns, it often is an indication of where they’re directing their attention.

Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis posing in the morningI’d said I thought we might have had two that had moved back to the Japanese maple, and so we did; they seem to alternate appearances, since this one showed up the same day I stopped seeing the green pregnant one. I’m never really sure whether they go for deep cover within the tree or meander off to someplace else for a while – it’s not a big tree, but it’s dense. This one, here down on the phlox plants surrounding the tree, was showing no signs of pregnancy, and I wondered if it was the same one that had reappeared on the back porch through a few days of solid rain back in September, now having deposited her eggs someplace. I’m not putting much weight behind this hypothesis; this one has damage markings on the forewings that are not visible on the one in the earlier photos. I need to find some way to permanently mark these little buggers, that can’t be lost with a molting…

In any event, I’ll be back if and when I find the egg sac at least, and if I only get some more interesting poses. We’re approaching the slow season for such subjects, so I’m making the most of it while I can.

Monday color 36

anvil cloud cumulonimbus lit by setting sun
This is a great illustration of the color changes that sunset brings – not just to the sky of course, but to the actual light that’s falling on your subject. Clouds, no matter what, are white – there’s no other color for water vapor to be. But when they block enough light and are seen from underneath, they can appear various shades of grey, and in this case, the sun shining through progressively thicker (and humid) atmosphere casts a variety of colors. Seen from the top of the cloud, the sun would have been well above the horizon, but at about midpoint it was red and almost gone, and where I stood it had already set, thus the silhouetted trees.

This same color progression can be seen, in a very limited way, in one of the lunar eclipse photos that Jim Kramer took recently, the one showing the near-total eclipse with a band of white at the bottom of a red moon.

I wish I could tell you exactly how big this cloud was, but suffice to say, it was massive, and extended for kilometers both horizontally and vertically, with a really good chance that those underneath it were not only in very dark conditions, but perhaps even in the next state (Virginia was less than 60 kilometers away in that direction) and getting furiously rained upon. This is a variety of cumulonimbus known as an anvil cloud, where extremely moist air close to the ground is heated by sunlight and hot surfaces and rises rapidly, carrying the moisture to great heights. Somewhere in there (probably not very high at all,) the air hits the freezing point and ice starts to collect around bits of dust and whatnot in the atmosphere while still being carried upward by the rising air mass. Ice continues to accumulate, and eventually it gets too heavy for the updraft to sustain it and it falls again, usually melting as it passed into the warmer air below and exiting the bottom of the cloud as rain. With some fierce updrafts, typical of summer thundercells, the ice gets blown around far too much and accumulates enough that it doesn’t have time to melt during its eventual descent, falling as hail – this thunderhead stood a pretty good chance of being one of those, since the ‘anvil’ appearance occurs when the air mass slams against the underside of a different air layer that doesn’t permit humidity to penetrate, and spreads out underneath it. Electrical storms often occur in these conditions.

Moreover, there’s a common atmospheric effect that can just barely be seen (it shows much better in skies with just a haze of humidity): the Belt of Venus. Down low where the clouds take on a wonderfully rumpled appearance, things get pretty dark and blue-grey – this is actually the shadow of the Earth being cast on the clouds, and in the right conditions the curvature can been seen. Since our atmospheric layer is actually a very thin shell on the planet, and the portion that can carry humidity which allows this shadow to be seen is thinner still, the effect passes quickly as the Earth rotates, and never lasts more than a few minutes. Here’s a slightly better version taken from a dock, earlier this year.

Belt of Venus showing against high thin clouds
If you’re sharp-eyed, you might have noticed the light shining on the edge of the dock and surmised that the sun wasn’t fully set where I stood. But it’s not sunlight shining on it, or not directly, but the reflection off of the same high clouds, just those behind me – the sky continued to glow brightly after the sun itself disappeared, and that’s what’s causing the glow on the edge of the dock.

The myth of “live and let live”

It’s not hard to find articles that decry the efforts of the “New Atheists” for their bullying of innocent and defenseless religion, in terms that range from disapproval to outright vehemence, nor is it hard to find comments where the commenter prides themselves on their “live and let live” attitude, maintaining that the only proper behavior is to not judge others for their choice of religion. The hypocrisy of stating this out loud was not lost on Randall Munroe at xkcd:

"But you're using that same tactic to try to feel superior to me, too!" "Sorry, that accusation expires after one use per conversation."Despite this flaw, it’s still easy to believe that being judgmental is something we should avoid, especially, as we are so often reminded, when it comes to someone’s personal choice. Yet, this is falling for both an inferred trait, and a gout of assumptions. To begin with, there is a vast, staggering difference between a simple opinion, such as whether Andy Kaufman was funny (he wasn’t,) and a combined worldview and ideology, one that informs someone’s decisions, attitudes, and indeed, their very concept of morality. We are a looonnng ways away from opinion here, and to be blunt, the only time that such things are ever considered “opinions” is when someone feels the need to defend them against the multitudes of arguments against them. Feel free to show me any church, any religious leader, any scripture or verity or pamphlet whatsoever, that admits that their version of creation is a “choice” and an “opinion” – seriously, I’d be delighted to see one, because all I have ever heard is bold and unwavering assumptions that they are relating Truth™, and the only Truth™ at that. This state of affairs bears highlighting, because this is a phenomenally arrogant and pompous thing to say, about anything, and the only reason we don’t fall down pissing ourselves laughing at it is that we’re used to it, and have been told time and again that this kind of nonsense deserves respect. It is this very social construct that causes no small number of people to react negatively to the wording I’m using here.

Because, let’s face it, there is no religion, anywhere in the world, that is not demonstrably, wildly, and irredeemably wrong – I say that not from an ethical point of view, but from a simple factual one. No creation story even comes close to the converging reams of evidence that tells us how old the world is and how it formed. At all. No scripture even hints at the long and supportable history of life evolving on this planet. No supernatural source of information manages to grasp the enormity of our solar system and the nature of the planets therein. And mind you, I haven’t even touched on the events that they do relate, events so staggeringly ridiculous as to require repetition and immersion in a mutually-supporting environment, because past the age of six no one is buying the idea of flying horses and talking serpents without a whole lot of assurances that this “is really really true, so help me god.” In fact, faith requires a suspension of disbelief to some degree, at least to dismiss the contradictions and anachronisms found in every religion, when it does not involve actively finding ways to excuse or ‘qualify’ the gross inaccuracies. And gross is not at all too strong a word; humans are notoriously fallible and have produced some really-wide-of-the-mark ideas at times, but anyone confessing the to sheer number that can be found in any form of scripture would be hastened to a safe care facility after sharp and heavy objects were surreptitiously removed from reach. Even the most wrong of scientists throughout the ages at least based their ideas on something demonstrable, which puts them well ahead of most items claimed within scripture.

That’s only the first part, however; there remains the question of whether anyone should actively correct such wild misapprehensions. The response that immediately leaps to my mind, at least, is, “Why the hell wouldn’t you?” First off, correct and supportable information is not only the cornerstone of learning, it is absolutely necessary for functional decisions. We don’t have mandatory schooling, with nationwide standards and meticulous assessments, because we think ignorance is a good idea. When we find potential dangers in products, or health issues within either work practices or leisure activities, we don’t shrug them off and figure that it’s not our business to tell someone else how to protect themselves, and to be honest, we’re pretty horrified every time we see anyone expressing such an attitude. We consider it a social responsibility to at least inform someone of the hazards, but in many cases, such things are regulated; it’s not really a matter of opinion whether someone thinks their child can handle alcohol or not. And in fact, we’re seeing health issues right now in this country since a bunch of dipshits got it into their heads that vaccines cause autism, and are willing to compromise the immunity of everyone else’s children over this repeatedly disproven canard; it’s not something that we can afford to ignore, and it’s taking a concerted effort to eradicate this ridiculous belief.

“But we’re talking about personal beliefs, and not something that affects everyone else,” comes the immediate protest. Which is utter horseshit, and I really shouldn’t have to even point this out. At no point, in the history of mankind, has religion ever been a personal thing. We are actually in one of the most peaceful times in the breadth of our knowledge, perhaps the most. Which means the religious wars are no longer an facet of recent experience, at least if one remains ignorant of all world events – but there were a hell of a lot of them, as well as the persecutions and the ersatz regulations and the ritualistic abuse of authority. It would be nice to believe that we’ve moved on from this now, but that’s ridiculously naïve, especially since we can still visit the gas chambers and burial pits and refugee camps in several different countries. One can try to make all the excuses that they like in the belief that their faith would never succumb to such abuses, but the bare fact is, if an ideology is based on ignorance, it isn’t likely to produce anything that we’d be proud of. It really is that simple.

But we don’t even have to talk about violence, or a theocratic state. We routinely deal with proposed laws and practices that are informed not by science or solid results or even a distinct goal, but religious kneejerk bigotry. The virulent attempts to undermine or eradicate education in both sexuality and evolution are not ‘choices,’ but active campaigns by churches that feel that their authority should extend far beyond their local suckers followers to everyone within reach, whether they like it or not. This is the exact opposite of choice; it is the attempt to remove choice from as many people as possible. While county clerk Kim Davis (from Kentucky, imagine that) was held up by numerous religious blowhards for her ‘principles’ and as a martyr to their cause, this doesn’t even come close to the real situation, which was her arrogant attempt to impose her opinion on everyone else, despite having sworn an oath (to god, no less) specifically not to do so. Amusing, isn’t it?

Note that nobody gave a good goddamn what her religion was before she defied the Supreme Court decision, because her religious views were never the issue in the slightest – it was her attitude that she was entitled to abuse both the law and others who didn’t agree with her. And this is, for the vast majority of activities from those mean ol’ nasty outspoken atheists, what is being addressed in the first place: not religion itself, but the abuses that take place in its name, as well as the undue and unjustifiable privilege that usually goes right along with it. The whole “personal choice” thing is a smokescreen, and I have no doubts an intentional one. Of course this needs to be pointed out, clearly and frequently.

There’s another misconception about choice that appears frequently in regards to religion, one that too few people seem able to grasp: no one gets to choose their own facts. Certainly, one can decide if they want to believe anything in particular or not, but this doesn’t change the nature of evidence, dependability, or prediction, and no statement becomes more valid if someone professes their support of it – we don’t get to vote on truth. While anyone may point out that their scripture says right there that it’s the word of god, so does everyone else’s scripture – these are facts. However, this doesn’t make the statements themselves factual, any more than, “Al is the smartest person in the universe, so sayeth the lord” – right there in plain sight in front of you – makes that statement factual. It is, in fact, completely neutral, neither truth nor lie, until it can be demonstrated either way – that’s what a fact is: a supported and demonstrable statement of condition (this one will be shown to be a lie very easily, just in case you suspect I’m getting all hubristic here.) One can deny all the facts they like in pursuit of their own personal feelgood mantra, but this has no impact on the facts themselves, nor does it tell us anything other than how much of an idiot that person is.

Yet, even when we’re dealing with a situation that all boils down to a choice in the first place, this makes no difference whatsoever. Choices are not sacrosanct or protected; you may choose to hate Asians, but you’re still gonna catch shit for it, and rightfully so. Personal choice is strictly that: personal. It affects the individual and the individual alone. It applies to things like music and colors and food and other such trivialities. Anything, however, that has any affect on someone else whatsoever is no longer personal – this includes how someone votes, how they raise their kids, how they treat others, and even how they themselves expect to be treated for their choice. And if it’s been expressed publicly in any way, then it’s an invitation for commentary.

This one’s amusing, so watch to see how often it occurs. Because an awful lot of people are just ducky with commentary – provided it’s in agreement with them. What’s considered inappropriate and unwarranted and rude is disagreement, and especially pointing out the flaws – which means it’s not judgment that they have difficulty with, but negative judgment (which is how you’ll find most people define “judgmental” anyway.) This is especially notable when it comes to religion, since people very often rely on the ‘good’ status that this is supposed to confer upon themselves, and get really testy when the vast evidence of this being ludicrous is brought to light.

Underlying all of this, however, is what we might seek as a goal. There are a lot of people who feel that the only thing that should be done in all social interactions is make friends – don’t dare to give offense, don’t dare to question judgment, don’t dare to jeopardize warm fuzzy feelings. Which seems fine, for the average interaction. But society is not something that we find, but what we create and shape – it is our input, all of us, that produces what is acceptable, and how we should behave. Obviously, avoiding any confrontation at all when someone is behaving in an obnoxious, racist, privileged, or abusive manner is just tacit approval, and while that might be ideal for someone who’s scared of their own shadow (you know, that personal choice thing,) it hardly defines a working society and shouldn’t be considered a rule for all. It’s up to all of us – again, human beings – to express how we need to interact and what’s not going to fly in our community… and just how little sense something is making. History is full or brutal regimes that we look at askance, now, and wonder how everyone could have fallen for such nonsense. And the answer is, as a species, we’re pretty bad about simply huddling quietly within the status quo, no matter how goofy it is.

And I’ve dealt with this argument many times before, but it’s going to come up alongside this topic anyway, so let’s tackle the whole ‘religion as a guide to ethics and morality’ angle. First off, see the bit up there about ‘all of us,’ to recognize that any religious guidance that purposefully excludes or marginalizes others without rational support is not social benefit, only privilege; we can marginalize criminal behavior because not doing so actually marginalizes the victims of it (I shouldn’t have to point this out, but there are always those who cannot grasp issues beyond the superficial.) The point of this all is to find what works best, not what’s personally indulgent. And arguments that anyone is simply following the word of god fall apart on three levels: the first being that anyone else may be following the word of theirs, somehow contradicting one’s own (imagine that); the second being that the utter foolishness of most scripture, outlined briefly above, is evidence of this not being the word of a god, and not even being the word of someone very bright; but worst, of course, is that the ‘personal choice’ argument has just been trashed again.

Further trashing the argument of religious guidance is just how selective people are about following their own scripture, conveniently ignoring some of the more ridiculous aspects – but this is followed closely by how many ridiculous aspects there really are. Seriously, it’s child’s play to build a better society than what is dictated by scripture – any scripture – and all it takes is exercising a few moments of critical thought. Is this beneficial in any way? Does it marginalize someone who is doing no harm? Is this just here to make me feel superior? Naturally, one has to get down from their pedestal and start thinking objectively to do this, and that’s really damn hard for far too many people.

But, you know, that’s what we’re here for, and by we, this time I mean those who are not afraid to point out the flaws and manipulations and outright horseshit that keeps arising, shockingly enough, when it comes to religious influence. Some people are not going to like it, certainly, and they’re welcome to argue their case in the marketplace of ideas – invited, even. Let’s see what produces a better society. Because the whole aspect of not liking negative judgment is that we, as a species, actively seek social approval – it’s what is necessary for a cooperative species. Upon finding that we don’t have this approval, we can whine about it of course, or we can present a rational case that it should be approved and why, or we can seek that which is approved. The whiners, more times than not, feel they have something to lose by pursuing either remaining option – I’ll let you imagine what that might be.

There’s one more thing that I feel obligated to highlight, because an awful lot of people cannot grasp this point. At no time, in this post or anywhere else, have I argued that religion needs to go away, or that religious people should be actively censured from public view in any manner, and for the vast majority of cases, neither has any outspoken atheist. Censorship is the tool of those who don’t have supportable ideas, who cannot face competition and need to eradicate it – see above about decrying criticism to begin with, but also the bits about trying to block evolution in schools and all that. I’m more than happy to trash religion, and give plenty of reasons behind it – and anyone else is welcome to rebut them if they can; I welcome the debate, actually. That’s quite a bit different from repression.

Around the pond

Just a few photos from the nearby pond, mostly recent, without a lot of exposition to go along.

unknown katydid silhouetted against pond reflection
An unidentified orthopteran, what I suspect is a meadow katydid, poses atop a button bush that’s showing the impact of the lateness of the season and the sparse rain in the past. In the thin line of undergrowth bordering the pond right below it, I was spotting various mantids and had examined the upper branches carefully in the hopes of producing just this kind of photo, only with a mantis instead.

juvenile Carolina mantis Stagmomantis carolina, probably femaleIn fact, this small section of bushes was home to several specimens of Carolina mantis (Stagmomantis carolina,) smaller than the Chinese mantis but native rather than introduced. Which of course raises the question of how we determine “introduced,” since the similarities between the two species are much greater than that between, say, a Carolina mantis and a shield bug, or really anything else. Chances are the species was also introduced to North America well in the past, before being taxonomically described in the 18th century as a “native” then. At some point I’ll look up the genetic comparison between them.

Now that I’m finding more, I’ve been looking into them more closely, and apparently the males are the ones usually sporting the brown “urban camo” coloration while the females remain green – not a trait that holds true for the Chinese mantis, where either sex can be either color. And shortly I’ll be back with more about that species, because I just tumbled across another detail that I’m not going to go into here.

pregnant female Carolina mantis Stagmomantis carolina
I get the impression that the Carolina mantis has a much shorter lifespan or season than the Chinese, because these definitely appeared much later in the year, and while most of the ones I’m finding are juvenile, I still spotted a pregnant one soon to produce an egg sac. Either than or it was an undersized Chinese. But you can see the swollen abdomen reappearing from behind the leaf to the left.

blue dasher dragonfly Pachydiplax longipennis on partially submerged pine branchA month ago, when we’d been for a long period without rain, the water developed a notable patina of algae which would produce interesting patterns with the input of a breeze, and I took the opportunity to shoot some semi-abstracts when a blue dasher dragonfly (Pachydiplax longipennis) posed on a mostly-submerged pine branch. With two weeks of downpours introducing fresh water, the algae is mostly gone now and the pond level back where it belongs, even though many plants were hit too hard by the lack of rain to fully recover this year.

a pair of six-spotted fishing spiders Dolomedes triton
In a quieter portion of the pond, some of the algae was still vaguely visible while I watched a pair of six-spotted fishing spiders (Dolomedes triton) hanging out. This gives a good idea of the disparity of sizes in which they can be found, though this post gives a better one – the larger one here is about 20mm in body length, pushing 60mm in leg spread. I hadn’t even spotted the smaller one when I took this image, but it became a bit more apparent when its movement aroused the attention of the larger one, which gave brief chase across the water surface. Protecting its territory? Maybe, maybe not.

six-spotted fishing spider Dolomedes triton on leaf eating another spider
A few days later in the same location, I watched one which might have been the same smaller specimen, and on close examination found that it possessed a meal, certainly another spider. Same species, as in, cannibalism? Perhaps, I can’t be sure – I’ve watched fishing spiders snag one another before. One emergent trait of evolution is the tendency to favor one’s own genetic line, and this shows in a lot of species (including our own.) Among the spiders, it not only means any other species of spider is an acceptable food source, it might also mean that any spider not obviously a sibling is one too, and the disparity in size is a good indication of not being related. However, if food is scarce enough, even a sibling might be fair game – one example of the genetic line surviving is all that’s ‘necessary,’ and better than both dying out because neither can find acceptable food.

And just a quick one to prove that, while I’m definitely paying attention to the arthropods, I won’t pass up the opportunity to shoot something else.

yellow-bellied pond slider Trachemys scripta scripta being curious
This turtle, probably a yellow-bellied pond slider (Trachemys scripta scripta,) was being atypically bold when I approached the water’s edge to look for the fishing spiders again. Likely because of the large number of people who let their dogs leap into the water here, the turtles tend to be very shy and disappear quickly on approach, but this one kept a casual eye on me even when I came within four meters, so I did a few quick shots – I liked this one for the reflection of the branches and the inclusion of two rust-colored dragonflies. I know you won’t believe me when I tell you they were not the primary photo subjects, but I only have myself to blame for that.

Photos from today, and yet another mantis update, will be along shortly.

Do over

The Girlfriend’s Younger Sprog got in a very minor traffic accident today, which changed my plans for the day a little bit. Nothing serious, no one hurt, and minimal damage all around. However…

You (naturally) remember christmas two years back when she was presented with a topical tire cover for her newly-acquired car. So, guess what the only damage to the vehicle was?

Tardis tire cover casualty
I… just… [sigh]

As it is, The Girlfriend’s sea turtle tire cover (also at that link) has been showing its age, since these are only vinyl covers and it’s North Carolina – not as harsh as Florida would be, but close enough. So I’ve been planning on painting a new one for her anyway, and have been just trying to schedule it in. Now, it looks like I’ll be doing two. It isn’t a big issue – when I was first told about the accident, I figured I’d probably be replacing some lights and possibly doing some light body work, so this is nothing in comparison.

There are two little bright spots, though. The first is, the TARDIS was almost entirely careful masking, so it’s not that hard even though it’s a bit time-consuming. But the second is, I’ve been asked twice if I would paint one of these for someone else; I passed on the first, and gave a rough quote for the second. So it might just be that I pin down my time and procedures on this go-around, and offer it to others as well for a specific fee. It won’t be cheap – these are still hand-painted and take some time – but it might be a little sideline income. We’ll see what happens.

More coming shortly.

Some time later

Lunar eclipse 9/27/15 end
I mentioned how well I fared with the lunar eclipse a few posts ago, but as it turned out Jim Kramer (of the Alaskan posts) did a hell of a lot better that evening. Not so well later on, however, as his photo harddrive threw a shoe right after he’d downloaded all of the images and deleted them from his memory card – before, of course, he’d had a chance to back them up. Jim is even more conscientious about backups than I, and I’m pretty anal (and here you thought “Al” was short for something else,) but there are still vulnerable times in any procedure, and Jim got caught. I had a similar situation about ten years ago, right after dumping a bunch of photos to a transfer drive and reformatting the old drive, thus prompting the transfer drive to fail – I had checked the backups, too, before eradicating the originals. My guess is that the sudden weight gain on the drive causes stress, so I would recommend building the drive up first, perhaps by adding a lot [of/more] porn, before loading in the valuable images.

Anyway, Jim took some time rebuilding his system with a RAID array, which is too complicated to explain and besides I don’t know what it is anyway. Then he rescued the photos from the memory card and eventually got them to me yesterday, and if I’d been more on the ball I’d have had this post up then, but so it goes.

At top, a sequence of photos at the end of the eclipse, more or less – this is the moon exiting the umbral shadow, but there is a penumbral shadow that still covers it all, it’s just so thin that the slight dimming of the moon isn’t noticeable to casual viewing – however, a hint of it can be seen by looking at the maria in the far right of the sequence. I believe this is an ‘actual’ progression composite, meaning a true representation of the moon’s motion as it arced across the sky – Jim didn’t tell me (loquacious he’s not,) but the timing strikes me as right. The moon moves roughly its own width in 180 seconds, so this sequence spans about a half-hour.

Lunar eclipse 9/27/15 closing in on totality
This is a sequence as the eclipse was progressing towards totality, very nicely composed, and exposure was right where it needed to be. Due to orbital mechanics, the moon is moving left-to-right in these images, as it always is in the northern hemisphere, but the shadow of the Earth is overtaking it. Seems odd, but the primary motion of the moon in the sky is due to the Earth’s rotation, and unless you look close it seems to occupy the same position as the stars and move with them. However, it is orbiting on its own, as well as being linked to the Earth’s orbit of the sun, so these two things combined are responsible for the advancement of the shadow across its face. From time to time, you can witness the moon eclipsing a star or a planet, and the moon’s own motion becomes more apparent then. Universe Today is probably the best for letting you know when such a thing is going to occur next.

Lunar eclipse 9/27/15 totality
And we arrive at totality, please be sure you have all your belongings. Chances are everyone has already heard why this color is the way it is, but just in case…

The red comes from the sunlight shining, and bending, through the Earth’s atmosphere, the same thing that gives us red sunsets. With a solar eclipse, the moon and the sun are so close in apparent size from our vantage here on Earth that the moon blocks out the sun perfectly, but very briefly (since orbits are elliptical, at times the moon is too far away to completely cover the sun and an annular eclipse occurs instead.) The Earth is much bigger than the moon, however, so the shadow is even bigger, and a lunar eclipse lasts much longer. If it weren’t for the light being bent by Earth’s atmosphere, the moon would be quite dark in this shot. You have noticed that it is actually lopsided, with the darkest portion occurring near Mare Imbrium – this is because the moon almost never passes directly through the shadow, but somewhat off to the side; a little further and all we’d have is a partial eclipse.

For comparison, a lunar eclipse easily darkens the whole moon’s surface. A solar eclipse throws a deep shadow onto only a small portion of the Earth (cool photo – go to that link!)

And yes, those are stars visible in the shot. This image was shot at 1/2 second exposure at f8, ISO 3200, way longer than the exposure needed for a normal unobscured full moon, which would be about 1/4000 second or less for the same settings. Stars usually won’t show up in such a short exposure, and if it was lengthened to capture them, the moon would be ridiculously overexposed. Not to mention that atmospheric humidity would usually throw enough scatter glare close to the moon that they’d be lost anyway.

Lunar eclipse 9/27/15 exiting totality
As the eclipse starts to exit, we get an idea of the relative amounts of light. The bright portion of the moon at lower left is no brighter than a normal full moon, in fact considerably dimmer, but it’s badly overexposed here to be able to see the red portion in nice detail (same settings as the previous image.) And take note of that color range near the terminator, because it’ll come up again on Monday.

Another sequence for comparison.

Lunar eclipse 9/27/15 exit sequence
Jim was using two different cameras during the eclipse, and this one was doing wider sequence shots. By doing some simple Photoshop tricks, I can guess that the partial eclipse shot immediately above was taken at roughly the same time as the fourth moon from the bottom in this sequence, so you can compare the results. Again, he didn’t give me details (but might be shamed into confirming them,) so I’m using EXIF info for some of them, which may or may not be accurate for the sequences – we’ll just assume that it is. So each of these exposures was 1/200 second at f11, ISO 800, which means 10 stops difference in exposure, or, 1,024 times more light gathered in the red pics than those immediately above. Little wonder that the red portion of the moon vanished in the sequential shot.

And a last one as the eclipse went bye-bye. This was shot 41 minutes before mine.

Lunar eclipse 9/27/15 nearly exited penumbral shadow
The penumbral shadow is still making its appearance at upper right, while Jim is showing off how much better a lens he has than I do (Jim has been able to afford that kind of jazz.) I have to admit, the detail is pretty slick. So, thanks for the efforts, Jim – nice collection of eclipse pics, which you seem to be having far better luck than I have, for the past several years of eclipses (example one, example two and two-point-five, example three.)

While we are still on the subject of astronomy, the Draconids meteor shower is supposed to be visible tonight and tomorrow night, and these have finally coincided with a largely dark moon to improve viewing conditions. We’ll see what might happen here – I’m far from a decent night sky situation – and if perhaps Jim gets a chance to do a little out in dark-sky Kansas, though it messes badly with his work schedule, I know.

Monday color 35

hairy-stem spiderwort Tradescantia hirsuticaulis
Take a look at this one for a few moments before moving on, and see what impression you get from it before I provide my own.

This week’s color shot seems to be faintly “wrong” to me – it just doesn’t feel framed right. While the blossom is in an acceptable location while facing into the light, and the background leaf uses the corner well, it just feels like the flower is facing the wrong way. I tend to think this should have been wider, so there was more room to the left where the flower is facing, and it doesn’t seem turned away from the center of the image. It’s subtle, but there’s this hint of rejection, almost of wanting to be somewhere else. Maybe it’s just me.

I tried flipping the image horizontally so it faced the other way, but had the same impression – it should be facing left the way it is, but to the right of center.

This is, naturally, a hairy-stem spiderwort (Tradescantia hirsuticaulis,) but you already knew that.

Keep coming back to ’em

I mentioned in the previous post that I made a pooter, which I’d needed for a while, but there was a specific motivation for it. A few days ago I had found another magnolia green jumping spider (Lyssomanes viridis) and I was frustrating myself trying to accomplish something that’s been on my mind since the first time around.

magnolia green jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis on index cardMagnolia greens are the only species I’ve found that allows one to see the internal workings of the eyes without dissection, because their exoskeleton is so translucent. But they’re a small spider, even more so when only a nymph as the last few that I’ve captured, so seeing this takes some significant magnification – the image here was taken on a standard 3×5 index card, and that’s part of my writing that’s visible. I use fine-point pens, by the way…

With the stop-motion animation hyperactivity of jumping spiders, and the extremely short focus at high magnifications, and the flash recharge times, even getting a couple of sharp images is challenging, much less a sequence illustrating the eye motion. But since the last time I worked with one of the species, I obtained a simple USB microscope capable of capturing video, and there was no way I could let this pass. And so began the saga.

I set up a small leafed branch in the macro clamp (read: soldering jig) and placed that within a broad shallow pan filled with water, to discourage escapes. I tried a few photo sequences, but the spider was incapable of holding still long enough for a few shots in a row, even though the flash was recharging within 3 seconds or so. So after I got a few keepers, I moved the ‘stage’ near my computer and got out the USB microscope, which handily provided its own ring of LEDs for illumination.

magnolia green jumping spider Lyss on underside of leaf
Jumping spider are often nigh fearless, and leaning in close is usually just an invitation to leap aboard, as numerous people on YouTube have discovered. I had to retrieve previous specimens from the camera lens countless times – once on it, they had a grand old time playing keepaway as I tried to transfer them back to my stage – and the USB camera was far more appealing. I struggled to find that balance point between ‘close enough to see detail’ and ‘far enough to discourage jumps’ without ever actually finding it.

magnolia green jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis inside collar of USB microscope
This is my photo subject sitting inside the front collar of the USB microscope for the umpteenth time; you can see the standard-sized LEDs immediately behind. So, I decided I might try another technique that I’d seen previously, and this is where the pooter came in.

When feeding, spiders naturally enough stop twitching around and hold still, so if I could produce a meal for the arachnid, perhaps I could get it to stay still and ignore the deliciously-inviting camera. Insects that can provide a meal for a 4mm spider are a pretty specific size, and not one that can be caught easily; thus the pooter. With the assistance of the porch light last night, I captured several choice bugs and loosed them within a small terrarium, actually finding another magnolia green while I was at it. The terrarium also held the branch and macro clamp, to encourage the spiders to do their feeding thereon and make my job easier. Not surprisingly, the spiders and their potential meals all seemed more interested in marching around on the sides of the terrarium instead. However, after several hours of checking from time to time, I finally peeked in to find that one of the spiders had snagged a midge. And miraculously, it had done so while perched on a leaf.

magnolia green jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis with unidentified midge prey
Gently, I took the whole rig out of the terrarium and set it on my computer desk next to the USB microscope. There were a few tense moments (tense in the life of an arthropod photographer – not exactly gripping) as I tried to convince the spider to turn towards the camera more because I didn’t have a good face view past a leaf, and the spider showed signs of abandoning its prey, but it turned to face the right way and, by gum! I got the video I was after. It’s not half as close as I can manage with the SLR, and for some reason it seemed to be recording at accelerated speed so had to be slowed back down, but now you can see just how weird the wandering eyes look.


The midge is roughly the size of a mosquito, if that helps generate an idea of scale. The magnification of the corneas gives a surreal ‘floating’ appearance to the retinas behind them, and this can even be seen without magnification, though it helps to be really nearsighted – it’s disconcerting, to say the least, because you’re focused on the spider’s head but the eyes look closer. It doesn’t show so well in the photos because the depth is so short and I was focusing on the facial features instead. But you gotta love that Lurch haircut…

magnolia green jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis with unidentified midge prey
Now, yes, I know that several newer DSLRs now have video capability, but there are a few reasons why I’m not pursuing that avenue. The first is, I have only occasional use for it – two or three times a year. Second, macro focus is so short that a tripod is absolutely necessary unless you want to see video that continually wanders in and out of focus and induces motion sickness to boot. And in most of my uses, a tripod is simply not a viable option – many times I’m leaning over a bush or crouched to get a specific angle. Third, video work isn’t done with strobes, but with constant light sources, which have to be quite bright – this pretty much means expensive batteries or an AC power source, also limiting how and where video can be done. And finally, it’s several hundred dollars in expense, and I generally treat photo expenses as investments whenever possible. If it’s not going to bring in more income, it’s not an expense worth making.

magnolia green jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis with unidentified midge prey
Overall, though, I’m pleased with how well this trick worked, and after a frustrating session a few days ago during the first attempt, this one went surprisingly smoothly. I figure I’m due occasionally.

magnolia green jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis with unidentified midge prey
Right now I’m trying to decide if I will release the two jumping spiders, or try to maintain the terrarium as a habitat and let them grow to adulthood. Both are females (the pointy pedipalps are a giveaway) so they won’t be breeding unless I find a male too, but having bigger models to work with would certainly be a plus.

I’ll leave you with one of the photos from the previous session, because the oblique angle produced another weird effect that I liked, almost appearing to be ‘shopped. Definitely interesting.

magnolia green jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis showing odd lens effect in eyes

Well, this certainly sucks

After attempting a couple of other techniques that weren’t working so well, I finally broke down and did it: I made myself a pooter.

PooterIf you are not familiar with entomology, you may have a variety of responses to this statement, including, “Congratulations – Al is a big boy now!” and, “Isn’t that a slang term for female genitalia?” But no, that’s cooter… actually, it probably could be either, since it seems anything can be a slang term for female genitalia if you say it right. Doesn’t matter, because that’s not what I’m talking about, and anyway, I wouldn’t make one. That’s… just…

A pooter, at times also called an aspirator if you want to be boring while being just as vague, is a simple bug collecting device, that works pretty much like a shop vac. Two tubes, one jar (let it go.) One tube goes into your mouth, with the other end feeding into the jar. The other tube comes out of the jar and is aimed at the arthropod you wish to collect. Bring that tube close to the subject, give a quick inhalation, and zip! The bug ends up in the jar.

The crucial bit of this is the bit of gauze or thin fabric over the opposite end of the mouth tube, the end within the jar – this acts as a filter so you don’t suck any bugs into your mouth. It may also slow down something nasty produced by the bug when it gets annoyed at being abducted, but don’t count on this – stink bugs and bombardier beetles should probably be avoided.

inside of pooter and transfer pooterIt works amazingly well, and takes very little inhalation to snag the target. I had used a larger mouth tube to be able to draw an insect all the way up the capture tube easily, but this really doesn’t seem necessary. I would recommend, however, ensuring that it’s easy to distinguish which tube is which, lest you put the wrong one in your mouth and a) mash your target bug against the gauze filter and think that you missed it, and/or b) end up inhaling a previous capture. Also, per the advice of someone else, the jar should be clear but not glass, just for safety’s sake.

There is no ‘valve’ on the capture tube to prevent insects from heading back up it, and none really necessary. Provided that the tube extends down into the jar a few centimeters, any flying insect that gets captured will almost never find the exit; they tend to stick to the sides, especially where they can see daylight, and not investigate something poking down from the ‘roof.’ The same design is used for various fly traps and it works quite well.

I even made a smaller version, nothing but a polyethylene pipette with the end of the bulb cut off and a bit of gauze inserted in the middle of the tube, kind of a glorified straw – this is for capturing flying specimens inside the big jar and transferring them to something else. Very gentle inhalation is used and maintained, which keeps the arthropod held against the gauze trap, and once the end in inserted into the new holding facility (say, a small terrarium for photography,) a slight exhalation expels the insect back out of the tube.

For bigger specimens, I just scoop them into a film can, and if I find something that won’t fit in a film can, those are collected at gunpoint.

Now, I made the pooter for a specific reason, and as I was working on the post, it paid off. So another is coming very soon, as soon as I get all the bits together. For now, something that doesn’t suck, in whatever sense of the word: at least one mantis, and possibly two, has moved back into the Japanese maple tree, and this one at least is showing signs of an impending egg sac, so I’m checking for progress periodically. We’ll see what happens.

pregnant Chinese mantis Tenodera aridifolia sinensis

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