A lot of bird photos

On an outing back, once again, to Jordan Lake (we’re in a rut) this past Friday, the bird activity was higher than it’s been all year, so far anyway, but unfortunately a bit distant. I shot a very large number of frames, but probably better than half will be discarded; too much of it was either trying to snag the actions of a distant subject that couldn’t be seen clearly, or focus-wandering and motion blur. The focus issue is much-improved after some maintenance and adjustments, but it still gets fooled or lost from time to time.

osprey Pandion haliaetus circling against scattered clouds
This osprey (Pandion haliaetus) was only circling without making any dives for fish, true for far too many that we saw that day. But I liked the rendering of the clouds in this one at least.

Later on, we were on a narrow land bridge between the lake and a moderately-sized pool when an osprey began its stoop into the pool.

osprey Pandion haliaetus breaking into stoop
Just a little motion blur from this, but the pose was notably different from normal and looked cool. However, the bird passed behind some trees from me just as it was reaching the water and I couldn’t see the entry or climb out with a fish. We had a great view of the entire lake on the opposite side, but weren’t positioned for a good view of the pool. So it goes.

The osprey nest that we’d been watching was still occupied, though it took long observation to determine this; the foliage was thicker now and the mother, sitting on the eggs, was maintaining a low profile. However, her mate would make appearances at times, like when a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) passed too close to the nest.

osprey Pandion haliaetus attacking bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus near nest, full frame
This is just to illustrate, because it’s the entire frame, what I was seeing in the viewfinder – the birds were several hundred meters off. I’d been clued in to the altercation by the territorial cries of the osprey, otherwise I might have missed it all. We go in closer:

osprey Pandion haliaetus attacking bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus for passing too close to nest, cropped
Just too great a distance for decent resolution, but the poses were cool. Osprey, of course, on the right, eagle on the left, ready to defend itself. The dispute involved several antagonistic passes over better than 20 seconds.

osprey Pandion haliaetus attacking bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus for passing too close to nest
While they look almost comparable in size here, note that the shadow of the osprey is cast onto the eagle, in late afternoon as the sun was getting lower; the osprey is closer to the camera than the eagle. In reality, eagles mass two to three times what osprey do, though wingspan is only about 20% larger.

osprey Pandion haliaetus attacking bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus for passing too close to nest
This is a better comparison, because they’re close to the same distance from the camera. And yes, it’s dead level; the eagle is nearly inverted to fend off the osprey. Osprey are also faster and a lot more agile than eagles, so it could circle and come back around for another pass before the eagle could vacate the area, which it eventually did, and the osprey returned to the nest.

But a short time later, the tides had turned:

bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus harassing osprey Pandion haliaetus into dropping its fish
I never saw the osprey catch its fish, nor where the eagle came from, but suddenly very close by there was a dogfight as the eagle came in to harass the osprey into dropping its catch. I can’t say that either of these were the same birds seen earlier. This is far from the quality that I ever want to show people, but the action was too cool to pass up, and the desperate appearance of the osprey wings and tail were very evocative.

bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus harassing osprey Pandion haliaetus into dropping its fish
Even worse now, but you can see that the osprey has just released the fish. While I said above that osprey can out-maneuver eagles, this is presupposing that the osprey wasn’t burdened with a fish and the eagle had not just come out of a dive. Curiously, while I’m almost certain this is what the eagle was trying to accomplish, it failed to go after the fish as it fell, perhaps missing it until it was too late. I am quite sure there is no eagle nest within a kilometer or three of this location, so it wasn’t a defensive thing, nor a territorial thing since many different birds all hunt in this region, constantly. The eagle was probably just too close to see it fall, or to make the turn to snag it before it hit the water and sank.

Moments later, the same eagle circled around and provided a few nice, distinctive frames.

bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus facing towards photographer in a  bank
I’m not complaining about that one at all. There’s a reason we hit this branch of the lake in late afternoon, and this kind of lighting is it. Deepest blue skies opposite the sun, good lighting and shading on the face, little silhouetting – you can’t make the birds work for you, but you can pick the conditions that help a lot.

By the way, look carefully at the talons – in several frames it’s apparent that the eagle has a dropped, perhaps broken toe.

osprey Pandion haliaetus with failed attempt at fish
A little later on, I finally got the focus to remain tight as an osprey descended to snag a fish and… failed. It immediately circled around to try again, this time being successful, but I wasn’t. Dammitall anyway. One of these days…

Despite this activity, Mr Bugg felt we might be missing something more interesting on the other nearby branch of the lake, so we headed out to cross over, passing on our way close to directly under a small flock of black vultures (Coragyps atratus.)

pair of black vultures Coragyps atratus nuzzling in tree
This pair watched my close pass with a little trepidation, but not so much that they saw fit to fly off, instead just clattering their beaks together in what was probably rude commentary on my hat or something. Note that this is full frame at 600mm, not even a dozen meters off.

On the other branch, a great blue heron (Ardea herodias herodias) was being an exhibitionist.

great blue heron Ardea herodias herodias sunning itself on dead branch
This was the view from some distance off at the boat ramps – it had finally finished preening with its head buried in its breast feathers, but then adopted this regal pose. I’m okay with it I guess, but I detest longneedle pines enough that I’m not wild about the background.

Returning 45 minutes later, the heron was still there as the sun dropped lower and got more golden in color, and it was patient enough to let us creep a bit closer and improve the background.

great blue heron Ardea herodias herodias perched in sunset golden colors
When using autofocus, this is the kind of image that you take a few frames of at least, defocusing and refocusing to try and snag that perfect distance. The autofocus will grab highest contrast and can easily be just a hair off the ideal point, not quite getting the eyes sharp (I have a few of those.) Even manual focus, with a DSLR at least, will probably not let you see enough resolution to ensure that perfect sharpness is achieved.

We were willing to wait for the sun to get even lower, hoping for deeper and more pink colors (the ‘golden hour,’ doncha know,) but the heron found it suspicious that we simply stopped where we were (probably about 20-30 meters off) and eventually flew off for less creepy surroundings.

Around the point where the light was far worse, we heard the calls of eagles quite close, and spotted this one perched in a tree overlooking our location.

adult bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus perched in tree
On a previous visit we’d heard the same thing at the same time of day, so I’m wondering if this is a dependable pattern, especially since the copse of trees isn’t far out of reach. One of the eagles, however, was remaining just barely out of sight like before, judging from the minimal distance of the calls. I doubt there’s a nest nearby, for two reasons, the first being that too much boater traffic comes right past this point constantly.

pair of silhouetted bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus leaving roosting spot after sunset
This was the second reason. I’d played a hunch and won out, since both eagles left the roost after sunset, just as they had on an earlier day when it was overcast. You’re seeing the extent of the sunset colors here, not a scrap of cloud in the sky despite the earlier conditions, and I’ve brightened this just enough to highlight the coloration and confirm that they’re eagles. Curiously, the pair split right here, one continuing on some ways down the lake while the other returned to almost the same spot, a bit further away and deeper in the trees.

And obviously, this was the last of the bird photos that we were going to get, but it was enough for one day, and I’ve still got a shitload of sorting to get through. So why am I here posting? Oh, yeah, that’s kind of the purpose of the sorting in the first place…

More pleased than many would be

Trotted over to the neighborhood pond this evening to see if the sunset would pan out, and keep an eye open for wildlife, especially water snakes because it’s that time of the year. The sunset was total crud, but I was successful with one goal, anyway, finding a pair of northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) right smack in the path ahead of me. The light was fading fast but still sufficient for a couple of brief video clips, so…


Seeing the two of them close together seemed a little suspicious, especially when neither of them reacted to my close presence, though they confirmed their intent quickly, while I remained fixed in place and didn’t even shift my feet once I realized what was going on. The first couple of photos suffered from a shutter speed too slow for any quality, and I didn’t bother firing off the on-camera flash because I didn’t want to disturb them.

Just after these clips, a third water snake slid into the picture and attempted his own coup, finding the position already taken, while the female began slipping just a little further away. Apparently it was clear that the female was in season, and I’m impressed with how easily this was detected by the males. Satisfied that their primary goals had been met, I elected to use the flash for a couple of frames, apparently disturbing nothing.

trio of northern water snakes Nerodia sipedon sipedon immediately after mating
What I find impressive is the color variation, indicating little – most snake species vary in hue more than a little bit among individuals, making identification by color far too tricky to attempt, though pattern is another matter. The female is medium brown in base color, the first (successful) male is quite dark with no brown at all, while the latecomer (ahem) is almost orange in hue – his head lies along the female’s back just at the leftmost curl in this photo, with the other male just below it; the female’s head is at upper center.

Luckily, The Girlfriend did not come along on this outing – she does not like snakes and the size of the female, at least, would not have been met with anything approaching the delight that I had. Worse though, my brother was driving down here for vacation exactly when this was taking place, specifically to see things just like this, but what could I do? At least there’s the video…

And yes, I rejected countless off-color comments and puns both here and in the voiceover. I can display a tiny bit of class, with effort.

For effort, anyway

unidentified white flowers at NC Botanical Gardens
On a (fairly) recent trip to the NC Botanical Gardens, I was making the attempt to shoot with more effort towards composition and all that, rather than illustration, but we know I don’t do ‘art,’ so we’re back to being fartsy here – define that as you will. And I could probably research what flowers these are, but really, I have a lot of images to get through, more than just this post, so I’m not going to take the time, especially since I may not have much free time next week. We’re doing the aesthetic thing here, not the scientific one; no comments about how I can’t handle either.

I shot a few variations of the same general subject:

Carolina anole Anolis carolinensis basking among unidentified white flowers
The question is, had you already seen the Carolina anole (Anolis carolinensis) in the first pic, or did this one make you go back and spot it, or did this text? Or did you not care either way? I’m never sure how subtle some of these photos are, because of course I knew it was there all along – or at least when it moved and attracted my attention.

Carolina anole Anolis carolinesis along branch of same unidentified white flowers
These are all the same anole, by the way – I was trying to get the most out of a semi-cooperative subject perched in a halfway-decent setting. I think I like this one best. I shifted slightly to put the head against the brighter leaf, knowing it would still be fairly subtle, and the tail falling along the line of the leaf edge was a happy accident – since the tail is often a giveaway, it worked quite well to disguise it.

Okay, I just spent about 15 minutes trying to determine what those flowers are, because. Nothing seems like a precise match, but these might be maple leaf viburnum, Viburnum acerifolium – that’s the best I’ve come up with. I do at least know the garden sticks to native NC plants, so it narrows things down a bit, and these appear to be a little past prime so that might explain the difference. Or I might be dead wrong – that could explain it too.

Carolina anole Anolis carolinensis on palmlike plant
I make it a point to find the anoles when I’m in the garden, because they like the habitat, even though I’m getting a decent colony of them here at Walkabout Estates now. This was the first that I found, because I know they like these palm-like plants (that I can never remember the name of) and so I was specifically searching – they’re big plants that could hide a couple dozen of the little lizards, and the anole was roughly as high as the top of my head, so I was on tiptoe to frame this. Shame about the little shred of retained skin from a recent molt sticking out right from its snout.

You’ve already seen some of the other attempts to be fartsy, so now we return to the Estates.

Carolina anole Anolis carolinensis on oak-leaf hydrangea Hydrangea quercifolia
I’ve been stalking this one for a few weeks now, since its regular haunt is the oak-leaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia) in The Jungle. It has been spookier than normal and close approaches have been difficult – I know this particular image has no fartistic merit, it’s just here for comparison. Because a day later, the anole was considerably less wary of my presence and I managed, moving slowly, to get a leetle bit closer:

extreme closeup of eye of Carolina anole Anolis carolinensis
Granted, this is a tight crop not much reduced from full resolution, but I wasn’t a quarter-meter away for this frame, wide open at f4 with the marvelous Mamiya 80mm macro lens. How the anole allowed this close approach, I’ll never know, but it undoubtedly had to do with my unparalleled stalking skills and preceding reputation. The animals just clamor to be immortalized by my hand. You know it’s true.

Tripod holes 19

green heron Butorides virescens on swamp plants in Audubon Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, Florida
N 26°22’37.94″ W 81°36’28.29″ Google Earth Location

While this image isn’t stunning, it represents two things: a place you should definitely visit, and one of my specific ‘branding’ images that presently illustrates one of my many business cards. I don’t have many businesses, just a wide variety of cards, because what kind of fool sticks to just one? Sheesh. Also, the location isn’t precise, being somewhere within a few hundred meters, but close enough for our purposes, since it was taken from the boardwalk of the Audubon Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary near Naples, Florida. Actually, it’s not near anything, being way out in the upper Everglades, but that’s the point, and my plots are close enough because you’ll be walking the entire boardwalk there anyway. Almost the entire circuit is heavily shrouded in trees without landmarks of any kind, so while I remember this small pool (yes, it is a pool, chock-full of plants right here,) and the immense activity therein, I’m just not exactly sure what point along the boardwalk it resides on. I do recall that at least six species of waders were fishing enthusiastically in a very small area, and that one small alligator was hanging out nearby. An absolutely fascinating place, and in the years since, I’ve seen some excellent photos taken by others there.

On this trip, I’d decided on the name, “Wading-In Photography,” and was getting my marketing materials together, so I was purposefully aiming for some illustrative photos, and it was a good trip to do this – I shot some 24 rolls of slides within a week, an awful lot of them quite pleasing to me, and you’ll see more in later Tripod Holes installments. Nowadays this might not seem like a lot – 864 images, which I exceeded on a single outing this past Friday – but with film, since every frame costs you money, you tend to be more selective about how often you trip the shutter and how likely the image will be solid. This one was shot even wider than this, to allow room for the card text, and for that purpose I digitally washed out the swamp cabbage leaves (actually I’m not sure what plant those are) so they wouldn’t interfere with the text.

This also wasn’t my first green heron (Butorides virescens,) but it was the first close and detailed view of them, along with both species of night herons, tricolored herons, great egrets, common egrets, and wood storks (Mycteria americana,) which were doing this great display of fishing behavior, foraging along with a wing raised to throw a shadow that would scare the fish into motion.

wood stork Mycteria americana fishing in pool within Audubon Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, Florida
One of my bigger regrets was failing to see this spot on the last trip to Florida, far too long ago, but The Girlfriend and I removed it from the list because we’d already seen Big Cypress Bend, when the Everglades were suffering from the drought and were little but mud; we knew Corkscrew Swamp would be unimpressive in those conditions.

But if there hasn’t been a drought, go – it’s well worth the time.

Tried to slip one past, eh?

As usual, I had several egg cases of praying mantids to keep an eye on around the yard this spring: one Chinese mantis, two that I suspected were European mantis brought down from NY, and three Carolina mantis. One of the Carolina’s vanished over the winter, perhaps found by mice or something (this was before I’d mounted them on new stalks to keep them out of reach of squirrels.) Both European mantis cases disappeared at different times, one just after I’d mounted it nearly two months ago, and the other only a couple weeks back, I suspect (from the nearby grazing damage) the victim of deer wandering in our front yard. That left two Carolina and one Chinese to watch, the latter being one naturally deposited by last year’s brood on one of the rosemary plants in the yard. The Carolina mantids hatch about a month later than the Chinese, so they’re not quite due yet.

I was watching the rosemary, but neglected to check on one particular day when it was unseasonably cold and overcast, when I surmised that they wouldn’t possibly hatch in those conditions. I was wrong.

recently hatched egg case ootheca of Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis
The next morning I found the telltale ‘beard’ of chitin or membranes that are shed by the mantids just after hatching, what informed sources tell me is likely a vitelline membrane that encases the embryo. You can see the string that I used to hold the branch up at a more visible angle, and the leaf that got incorporated into the ootheca by the mother during production. Yet, there wasn’t the faintest sign of newborns to be found, despite it now being much warmer and sunnier conditions.

In fact, it took days before The Girlfriend and I finally found a handful on the same plant, though I didn’t have the camera in hand then, and once I’d returned a day later, I couldn’t find them again. This might, in part, have been due to the frequency that the temperatures have dropped quite low overnight, forcing the mantids down into the depths of the plant and/or the leaf litter beneath to remain warmer. I did find a minuscule crab spider though:

possible white-banded crab spider Misumenoides formosipes  on rosemary leaf
It’s always hard to positively identify young crab spiders, and this one was small indeed, but I’m guessing it’s a white-banded crab spider (Misumenoides formosipes.) Just barely big enough to pose as a threat to the newborn mantids, this certainly wasn’t the cause of the disappearance of dozens of them, since it would be considerably bigger and fatter had that happened. At this size, it might also serve as prey to the mantids instead – depends on who’s quicker, I think.

It wasn’t until well over a week later that I finally got the chance to photograph one of them on the rosemary.

newborn Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis on rosemary leaves
So, the first of the local brood of Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis) posed semi-obligingly for the camera, but few of them seem to be using the plant anymore, and I couldn’t say whether they’re still hiding, have fallen prey to songirds (of which plenty are visiting the yard right now,) or have simply dispersed. I have been finding some in other areas.

newborn Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis on Japanese maple leaves
The Japanese maple near the front door, setting of so many of my images for the past nine years, hosts several of them. I had examined the low, broad tree a couple of times through the winter specifically for oothecae (the proper plural,) but I don’t think it ever fully shed its leaves so there may have been a spot to hide one, or the evergreen cleyera immediately adjacent could easily have concealed quite a few. Just across from this, a bed of ivy, daffodils, and vinca also sported a few newborns.

newborn Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis on vinca leaf
Overall length doesn’t top 12mm, closer to 8-9 (I never got out the scale – they were spooky enough.) Was this part of the brood from that ootheca up there, or from one that I never found? I haven’t gotten the impression that they spread out very quickly, but it’s not impossible, so who knows? If anyone has an easy way to distinguish baby mantids, well, it would still be pointless in this case because I never saw them hatch.

newborn Chinese mantis Tenodera sinensis on vinca leaf
But I have a few to monitor now, with the butterfly bushes coming into bloom so we’ll see if any move to the fertile feeding grounds that those provide – not the flowers themselves of course, but the various arthropods attracted by them. The Carolina mantis oothecae are nearly due to hatch so I’m watching those, and come fall, I’ll see if my suspicions pay off and a new egg case appears on the rosemary – perhaps this will be the year that I finally snag photos of the production of one. Onward goes the gripping saga, as they say (no one says that, least of all about bugs.)

One week to prepare

Well, a little less now, because I’m posting this later than I should, but next Saturday, May 13th, is World Migratory Bird Day for the Americas, so make your plans now. For once, we have no traveling that falls around that weekend, though my own schedule flanking it is a little booked, so we’ll see what happens.

pair of double-crested cormorants Nannopterum auritum perched on pilings
It’s not like I don’t get the chance to photograph migratory birds on other days anyway – you’re about to see a bunch more shortly – but maybe I can slip in something more than photography. So for now, we have some images from the past few days: a pair of female double-crested cormorants (Nannopterum auritum) above, and a chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina) below.

chipping sparrow Spizella passerina with captured spider prey
I got a bit lucky with this one, seeing it foraging in the shadows near sunset yesterday, and tracked it until it entered the low golden light, whereupon it snagged a spider for a meal. But we also have to see the details of the body plumage:

back plumage of chipping sparrow Spizella passerina
Isn’t that slick? I wonder if I can find a jacket like that…

Anyway, you have a week, kinda. Make some plans and have at it!

More Friday color

We’ve done Friday color before, two, no, three times, and a Friday night color, all several years back now so we’re due, right? Most of these came from a visit to the NC Botanical Garden, wow, over a week ago, and a couple are even older, yet I’m finally getting around to uploading them now – Slackass, thy name is Al. But one is from yesterday, so I’ll just say they were waiting for a complete set…

We’ll start with some local ones.

pansy Viola × wittrockiana in front planter
This was one of The Girlfriend’s pansies (Viola × wittrockiana) in the front planter – no great shakes here, the damaged petals weren’t working for me, and I was about to discard the frames during sorting when I noticed some tiny details.

pansy Viola × wittrockiana closeup showing tiny ants collecting nectar
I had no idea they were even there when I took the photo, finding them only at high magnification, so instead of discarding, the images went into the Arthropods folder (actually, Arthropods 7, since I limit the folders to about 4,000 images to make indexing and searching a little easier – tells you how many insect images I have.)

cluster of columbine Aquilegia canadensis hairy-stem spiderwort Tradescantia hirsuticaulis and smooth meadow parsnip Thaspium trifoliatum blossoms
All growing close together nicely, the red ones are columbine (Aquilegia canadensis,) the blue ones are hairy-stem spiderwort (Tradescantia hirsuticaulis,) and the yellow are smooth meadow parsnip (Thaspium trifoliatum.) I say these with the utter confidence that no one cares, or is even reading, but at least I’ve photographed such species there before so they seem like reasonable identifications. Though, you know, if you’re in some high-stakes trivia game or a life-or-death challenge involving dangling scythe blades that demands a precise identification, well, sorry…

dwarf violet iris Iris verna in front of unidentified red flower buds
The blue one in the front is, I believe, a dwarf violet iris (Iris verna,) mostly because the yellow bits aren’t raised, while the red lobes in the back remain unidentified. The NC Botanical Garden features all native plants, but the NC Wildflower Database doesn’t show anything even remotely like this – it remains possible that, in bloom, they’re a different color. But anyway, the two colors contrasted nicely. We’ll need a closer look at one of the irises, though.

dwarf violet iris Iris verna blossom
Call it whatever color name you like, it’s a lot of it. The day was hazy to the point of being overcast, softening the light and contrast enough to make all those little details stand out well, without bleaching or overdark shadows. Don’t do colorful or nuanced subjects in bright light.

To contrast that, we have one from Walkabout Estates.

pineweed Hypericum gentianoides blossom in front of bigleaf periwinkle Vinca major blossom
The yellow one is likely pineweed (Hypericum gentianoides,) quite small and sparse, but it lined up nicely with the bigleaf periwinkle (Vinca major) in the background – or at least it did with a bit of maneuvering. The light was bright and direct, though, and you can see how it affected the colors and reduced nearly all of the subtleties – what remains comes simply from the sunlight hitting at a very oblique angle. The periwinkle in the background, by the way, I’ve probably identified as five or six different species over the years, but this one seems closest (so far.) Again, dangling scythes…

One last.

ripe fruit of Oregon grape holly Mahonia aquifolium
I’ve shown this before, since it sits near the end of our road, but this is an Oregon grape holly (Mahonia aquifolium,) which blooms very early in the year and comes to fruit at this time. I’ve never attempted to try one, and the deer seem to avoid it, so I imagine it isn’t tasty, but it looks cool, especially with a few residual raindrops.

I have critters, too, that will be along shortly, plus an outing later on today that may net some more stuff. ‘Tis spring!

Robbed

Today is apparently a holiday of sorts, or at least one of those days that seems to merit special attention solely because of the numbers that represent it: May 4th, or, “May the fourth be with you.” Star Wars Day. Granted, there isn’t much that goes on, save for social media and the occasional post (ahem,) but you know, even that would have been welcome thirty, forty years ago, had either such thing existed. You see, I was a Star Wars fan from the moment I saw it in the theater, or theaters, because I saw it multiple times on its first run, and so you know, Star Wars refers to the first movie – that ‘A New Hope’ bullshit didn’t appear for years afterward, once George Lucas figured out that the movie not only wasn’t bombing, it was becoming a brand – he was trying to create a ‘Lord of the Rings’ thing after the fact. And I can tell you, in that time period while Star Wars and the two sequels were tearing up the box office, people that were ‘into’ Star Wars were still widely considered nerds and basement dwellers. Wearing a Star Wars shirt, having a model kit of R2-D2, making any reference at all to the characters or quotes or whatever, was decidedly uncool. Granted, I was in high school at that time and it took no effort at all to be considered uncool, because teenage insecurity and pissing up trees is typical, more so in the late seventies in a rural farm area.

Yet now we have a day for it. There are Lego kits of the Millennium Falcon and Star Destroyers costing hundreds of dollars being bought routinely. One of the more popular streaming shows is spun off from the lamest character from the original trilogy (seriously, Boba Fett was hyped significantly for his appearance as a new villain in the second film, to have two lines I believe, only to die as comic relief in the third, with a belch even.)

It’s funny, because I no longer follow it all, and couldn’t possibly be considered a fanboy of any sort – I’m not even sure how many movies there are anymore, to say nothing of the streaming series and the animated stuff. But I would have appreciated the current popularity back a few decades ago when it would have been useful. Granted, I now have the immense prestige and respect of being a nature photographer, especially of bugs and lizards, but this was a long time coming.

Improving autofocus

Earlier I mentioned having pretty egregious autofocus issues with the Canon 7D and the Tamron 150-600 lens, and sat down to see if I could improve things. My efforts were quite successful, so I’m going to go over what I did in the hopes that someone else may benefit from this. Virtually all of these will apply to any DSLR camera, with perhaps minor variations.

Clean the contacts. The electronic contacts between the lens and the camera body are how the camera can tell the lens to start and stop focusing, so ensure that these are clean and shiny. A pencil eraser is a good way to clean off anything stubborn – just be sure not to get eraser bits in either the camera or lens. To this end, holding them up higher and facing down helps the debris fall away – this is also recommended just for cleaning dust.

Blow out the mirror/shutter box, carefully. Generally, a blower brush or bulb is recommended for this, and again, while the camera lens opening faces down. Canned air is not the best; while it’s much more powerful, it can damage the shutter and introduce fluid and solvents into the camera. If used, always fire a test blast into the empty air first, to clear the tube of residual fluid, and then apply it indirectly into the mirror/shutter box, preferably from a moderate distance. The shutter blades are very thin and delicate and a solid blast of air may kink them, and you don’t want that repair bill. You can find air bulb blowers at most camera supply places, or a battery filler bulb (which I use, much more volume for stiffer blowing) from auto supply stores for about 1/4 the price.

Use a soft brush to clear stubborn dust and debris. A decent artist’s brush, preferably a flat brush in the realm of a centimeter wide, can help get out stubborn stuff without using enough pressure to scratch anything. Be aware that there is often a bit of spongy padding at the top of the mirror box, front of the focusing screen, for the mirror to hit without clattering, and this often snags stray hairs that don’t come free with a brush, in which case careful attention with tweezers can get them out of the way.

Clean both mirrors. Hopefully, you don’t have smears or stains on these mirrors, but occasionally it happens – if it happens a lot, you have some bad habits to clear up. For the most part, you can just use the artist’s brush to clean off the reflex mirror, but do this gently – these are front-surfaced mirrors meaning they’re easy to scratch.

If you have to clean oils or gunk off of them, use lens cleaner or high-grade alcohol (90% or better) on a microfiber cloth and swab gently – it shouldn’t need much.

interior view of DSLR showing dual mirrors
labeled mirror/shutter box in DSLR cameraBut there’s a second mirror in there too. Using a non-metallic object just to avoid the possibility of scratching (I use the handle of another brush, because you’ll need the first one in a second,) gently push up on the forward end of the mirror – it’s only held down by spring pressure. Underneath, you should see another mirror on its own hinge coming up with the main mirror, angled differently. While holding this up slightly – not all the way – blow some air in there too, and brush gently with the brush as needed. You’ll see that the main mirror is actually semi-transparent, half-silvered, and some of the light entering the camera goes through this mirror to reflect from the second one underneath – this is how the autofocus sensor works. Schmutz on this mirror can affect the AF sensitivity.

[Note that the Canon 30D is shown for these photos, though most DSLRs should be largely the same.]

autofocus sensors in floor of mirror/shutter box of DSLR camera
Clean the sensor too. Now lift the main mirror all the way, which will raise the second mirror too. Gently blow some more air in there, aimed towards the bottom of the mirror/shutter box – you should see some openings in the floor there, where the AF sensors lie. Again, do this while holding the camera front facing down. Brush gently with the brush while you’re at it, to clear any dust from the face of the sensors themselves.

Twice now, I’ve had enough dust and pollen and whatnot get in there to affect autofocus – the perils of doing lens changes out in the field, so this should be a routine thing if you’re changing lenses in dustier environments.

Camera Settings

Some of this will be ‘season to taste’ – my shooting habits are not necessarily going to be your own, plus camera and lens variations have an effect. The best I can say is to try them and see what works.

AI Servo focus mode. This is Canon’s nomenclature, but what it means is that the camera will attempt to maintain focus as the camera and subject moves, even while you’re tripping the shutter. This is best for moving subjects, but occasionally it will result in images being defocused because the lens is adjusting as you trip the shutter. Overall, it seems to work more dependably than other modes for action.

Custom Functions. The 7D has an elaborate set of parameters that can be adjusted and these will likely be in different orders or menus with different camera bodies. In my case, these all fell under Custom Functions III: Autofocus/Drive.

1, AI Servo Tracking Sensitivity, set to fastest. May result in more twitching of AF or even hunting if the subject gets out of the focus area for too long, but overall, with subjects that can shift distances quickly, this probably gives the best edge.

2, AI Servo 1st/2nd Image Priority, set to 0: AF Priority/Tracking Priority. I’ve tried others, and they all seem to wander or lag too much for wildlife subjects, especially flying ones that can leave the AF area in any direction.

3, AI Servo Tracking Method, set to 1: Continuous AF Track Priority. Seems to work best, again, for moving subjects, as well as for compositions that do not necessarily center the subject in the frame.

4, Lens Drive When AF Impossible, set to 0: Focus Search On. This one is the one I have the greatest misgivings about, because it can make or break the shot. When on, it will track in and out trying to locate a subject with enough contrast to lock onto, which is fine – it’s what autofocus is all about. But it’s not very ‘smart’ on the 7D at least, and when failing to focus on a subject that was focused only milliseconds ago (a moving bird that slipped out of the focus area, for example,) it can start tracking from near-infinity inwards, shorter, which will throw the bird so far out of focus that it vanishes from the viewfinder, right at the time that you need to see it at least a little to keep it centered so the autofocus can lock onto it again. This is where the focus limiter switch on the lens comes into play, where you can select the ability to only focus between infinity and, say, 10 meters, which will prevent the AF from tracking way too far. As long as it’s already switched on.

There’s no option, for instance, to make the lens focus out first, or search focus only in small increments for a moment or so when focus was locked almost immediately before. Moreover, a major shortcoming of the Tamron 150-600 (the Generation 2 model) is that even if you manually bump the focus wheel in the right direction, it can stubbornly keep trying to focus inward.

[To be sure, focusing outward can have issues too, because that would make the lens lock onto the distant background more often, something I’ve already had issues with. Some of this is assisted with the AF Point Expansion bit further down.]

5, AF Microadjustment, set to 2: Adjust by Lens. This allows the camera to tweak focus by individual lenses, and with the Tamron 150-600, I’ve set it to focus just slightly short, a little closer than what the camera defaults to, which seems to be producing pretty good results. This may be because the lens is ever-so-slightly off when focusing, or it may be because AF grabs the areas of highest contrast, which would be the wings and body against the sky, which are slightly further off than the eyes or fish clutched underneath. Also, depth-of-field extends farther beyond a subject than closer to the photographer, so this bias takes advantage of this trait.

And one more, from the Shooting Functions menu on the camera back, selected by the INFO button.

Shooting Functions menu of Canon 7DHighlighted here in cyan is the AF Point Expansion mode, and selecting this will provide different options for how specific the autofocus is. The one shown, with its orbit of smaller dots, tries to maintain focus in all of the five focus points shown, which gives a little slop in tracking a moving subject while still being reasonably specific. The main focus point can still be shifted throughout the viewfinder area (offset to one side, for example) and the surrounding AF points will follow. Note that you may have to enable this particular option in the Custom Functions menu.

This mode can still be confused by the camera, by small subjects with lots of surrounding or intervening clutter (like birds in branches,) which is where I simply switch to manual focus – this happens often enough. The biggest problem with manual focus – I mean, after the much slower speed that it takes place – is that the viewfinder screen is too small and too low in resolution, from using a ground glass surface, that it makes crucial sharpness particularly hard to determine; even when doing moon photography on a tripod, everything nice and stable, I’ll fire off several frames and keep reviewing them in the camera LCD under high magnification until I feel the image is sharpest, and then make it a point never to touch the focus ring.

[This needs a caveat, by the way: if the temperature is dropping, and especially if the lens hasn’t had time to match the outside temperature, re-focusing will be necessary because the contraction of the lens body itself will alter focus – astronomers are very familiar with this.]

Side note: There is another specific option that I finally got around to trying. Tamron has an additional bit of equipment for select lenses, called the TAP-in Console, that attaches to the lens mount and interacts with software via a USB connection; in this manner it can update the lens firmware as well as providing some specific options. I’d purchased one some time back but finally got around to setting it all up, since it wouldn’t work on my present workhorse computer, requiring Win 8+ (or MacOS) only, and I had to load the software on a spare computer. The options, however, were only for three things: manual focus ‘speed’ (how responsive the manual focus ring is to input,) focus limiter range (what distances are effective when using the focus limit switch,) and specific tweaks to focus at different focal lengths and distances. In other words, if you find the lens is consistently a little off at 300 mm focal length and mid-range distances, you can adjust this by small increments for more accuracy. Sounds very cool, but to implement it effectively and accurately, you’d need a significant set of high-contrast targets at varying distances, which you would shoot test photos of at varying focal lengths, examine the resulting images at high magnification on a computer, then adjust accordingly; for maximum efficiency, you’d also need secondary targets slightly ahead and behind the primary ones, offset far enough to be outside of the AF sensor range yet still in the photo, that would tell you if the focus was off slightly ahead of or behind the target. Obviously, setting all of this up and shooting the test images would take a few hours, and this didn’t seem to be my issue anyway (other than the change made above to the camera’s Custom Functions) so I’m in no hurry.

What it didn’t have were any options to change which direction it would begin to hunt within, or something to limit initial hunting to small increments to assist with moving subjects that momentarily got outside of the AF area – no one needs the lens to suddenly rack down to its shortest limit in such cases. There’s a balance point between the lens seeking autofocus as needed, when first raised to the eye for example, and trying to regain or retain focus for a moment when a moving subject proves hard to track, which is (I would think) a very frequent occurrence with a long lens. However, this might be a function of the camera body itself, though not something to be found or altered in the Custom Functions of the Canon 7D.

[By the way, after updating the firmware, the only change I made to the lens settings was to boost the manual focus speed, mostly to manually counteract that damn hunting, and we’ll see how much this negatively affects nailing sharp focus when intentionally focusing manually – these have yet to be tested.]

Anyway, that’s all the jazz I played with to improve autofocus results – turned out to be longer than I imagined. Hopefully someone will derive their own improvements from it.

osprey Pandion haliaetus overhead in much better focus

Tripod holes 18

fishermen at sunset on Old Drum Inlet, Portsmouth Island NC
N 34°51’19.93″ W 76°19’6.58″ Google Earth Location

This one’s a little fun in that, if you go to the location, it’s not technically there anymore. Well, it is, but storms between the time this was taken and now have radically reshaped the islands, and what was once inlet is now mid-island. Not only that, but reaching it takes a lot more effort.

This came from a work-related fishing trip back in 1999, to what I believe is known as Portsmouth Island on the South Core Banks of North Carolina. To get there we had to use a four-wheel-drive vehicle and take a ferry, putting in at Long Point Cabin Camp, the offices of which should be noted in most map services further northeast on the island – I mean, what was the same island back then, since we drove down to the photo location. Fishing bores me to tears, so I treated the trip as a photo excursion instead, which didn’t net me a whole lot of great images due to bad weather most of the time, but at sunset it had cleared and produced these skies. This shows two of the guys I was there with, actually doing some fishing instead of drinking – I had to be lightning fast to catch it…

A few years later, storms had cut a new channel through the island and filled this one in – you can see the changes in the Google Earth program, though I haven’t found a way to see old photos from the online version. Then, subsequent storms did even more reshaping – and then more. Not a place I’d want to own property, especially since one good hurricane will scour the very low island clean. This is the nature of Atlantic barrier islands.

This is also the place where I found numerous paths through the beach grasses, wide enough for beavers though this wasn’t their habitat, and wondered about them. Awaiting the ferry back at the end of the weekend, I found out from a regular visitor that they were caused by “nutra” [sic], and kicked myself for not staking out some of them in the wee hours, because I’d heard of nutria but had never seen one. This would eventually be rectified 23 years later.

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